Battle of Queenston Heights in the War of 1812

Battle of Queenston Heights in the War of 1812 The Battle of Queenston Heights was fought October 13, 1812, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815) and was the first major land battle of the conflict. Seeking to cross the Niagara River, American troops under Major General Stephen van Rensselaer encountered a variety of difficulties. Finally landing part of his command, van Rensselaer engaged British forces under Major General Isaac Brock. In the resulting fighting, American troops suffered a defeat after militia forces refused to cross the river and a British counterattack isolated those on the Canadian side. The battle marked the end of a poorly managed campaign for the Americans. Fast Facts: Battle of Queenston Heights Conflict: War of 1812 (1812-1815)Dates: October 13, 1812Armies Commanders:United StatesMajor General Stephen van Rensselaer6,000 menGreat BritainMajor General Isaac BrockMajor General Roger Hale Sheaffe1,300 menCasualties:United States: 300 killed and wounded, 958 capturedGreat Britain: 14 killed, 77 wounded, and 21 missing. Native American casualties 5 killed and 9 wounded Background With the outbreak of the War of 1812 in June 1812, American forces began marshaling to invade Canada. Intending to strike at several points, the American efforts were soon put in jeopardy when Brigadier General William Hull surrendered Detroit to Major General Isaac Brock in August. Elsewhere, General Henry Dearborn remained idle at Albany, NY rather than move forward to capture Kingston while General Stephen van Rensselaer was stalled on the Niagara frontier due to a lack of men and supplies (Map). Major General Sir Isaac Brock. Photograph Source: Public Domain Returning to Niagara from his success at Detroit, Brock found that his superior, Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost had ordered British forces to adopt a defensive posture in the hopes that the conflict could be settled diplomatically. As a result, an armistice was in place along the Niagara which allowed van Rensselaer to receive reinforcements. A major general in the New York militia, van Rensselaer was a popular Federalist politician who had been appointed to command the American army for politic purposes. As such, several regular officers, such as Brigadier General Alexander Smyth, commanding at Buffalo, had issues with taking orders from him. Preparations With the end of the armistice on September 8, Van Rensselaer began making plans to cross the Niagara River from his base at Lewiston, NY to capture the village of Queenston and the nearby heights. To support this effort, Smyth was ordered to cross and attack Fort George. After receiving only silence from Smyth, van Rensselaer sent additional orders demanding that he bring his men to Lewiston for a combined assault on October 11. Major General Stephen van Rensselaer. Public Domain - National Gallery of Art Though van Rensselaer was ready to strike, severe weather led to the effort being postponed and Smyth returned to Buffalo with his men after being delayed en route. Having spotted this failed attempt and received reports that the Americans might attack, Brock issued orders for the local militias to begin forming. Outnumbered, the British commanders forces were also scattered along length of the Niagara frontier. With the weather clearing, van Rensselaer elected to make a second attempt on October 13. Efforts to add Smyths 1,700 men failed when he informed van Rensselaer that he could not arrive until the 14th. Opposing the American advance were two companies of British troops and two companies of York militia, as well as a third British company on the heights to the south. This last unit possessed an 18-pdr gun and a mortar which were located in a redan halfway up the heights. To the north, two guns were mounted at Vroomans Point. Around 4:00 AM, the first wave of boats moved across the river under the leadership of Colonel Solomon van Rensselaer (militia) and Lieutenant Colonel John Chrystie (regulars). Col. van Rensselaers boats landed first and the British soon raised the alarm. The British Respond Moving to block the American landings, British troops under Captain James Dennis opened fire. Col. van Rensselaer was quickly hit and put out of action. Captain John E. Wool of the 13th US Infantry took over and pushed into the village with the aid of American artillery firing from across the river. As the sun rose, British artillery began firing on the American boats with great effect. As a result, Chrystie was unable to get across as his boat crew panicked and returned to the New York shore. Other elements of Lieutenant Colonel John Fenwicks second wave were forced downstream where they were captured. At Fort George, Brock, concerned that the attack was diversion, dispatched a few detachments to Queenston and rode there to see the situation himself. In the village, American forces were contained in narrow strip along the river by the artillery fire from the redan. Though wounded, Col. van Rensselaer ordered Wool to take a force upstream, ascend the heights, and take the redan from behind. Arriving at the redan, Brock sent most of the troops guarding it down the slope to aid in village. As a result, when Wools men attacked, Brock was forced to flee and the Americans took control of the redan and its guns. Brock Killed Sending a message to Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe at Fort George, Brock requested reinforcements to block the American landings. Due to the redans commanding position, he immediately resolved to recapture it with those men on hand. Leading forward two companies of the 49th Regiment and two companies of York militia, Brock charged up the heights assisted by aide-de-camp Lieutenant Colonel John MacDonell. In the attack, Brock was struck in the chest and killed. Though outnumbered, MacDonell pressed the attack and pushed the Americans back to the edge of the heights. The British assault then faltered when MacDonell was hit. Losing momentum, the attack collapsed and the Americans forced them to fall back through Queenston to Durhams Farm, near Vroomans Point. Between 10:00 AM and 1:00 PM, Maj. Gen. van Rensselaer worked to consolidate the position on the Canadian side of the river. Ordering the heights to be fortified, he placed Lieutenant Colonel Winfield Scott in command with Brigadier General William Wadsworth leading the militia. Despite the success, Van Rensselaers position was tenuous as only around 1,000 men had crossed and few were in cohesive units. Disaster on the Heights Around 1:00 PM, reinforcements arrived from Fort George, including British artillery. Opening fire from the village, it made crossing the river hazardous. On the heights 300 Mohawks began attacking Scotts outposts. Across the river, the waiting American militia could hear their war cries and became reluctant to cross. Arriving on the scene around 2:00 PM, Sheaffe led his men on a circuitous route to the heights to shield them from the American guns. Frustrated, van Rensselaer re-crossed to Lewiston and worked tirelessly to convince the militia to embark. Unsuccessful, he dispatched a note to Scott and Wadsworth giving them permission to withdraw if the situation warranted. Abandoning their field works, they constructed a barricade at the top of the heights. Attacking at 4:00 PM, Sheaffe met with success. Hearing the Mohawk war cries and fearing massacre, Wadsworths men retreated and soon surrendered. His line collapsing, Scott fell back, ultimately retreating down the slope above the river. With no escape and the Mohawks, angry over the loss of two chiefs, in pursuit, Scott was forced to surrender the remnants of his command to Sheaffe. Following his surrender, around 500 American militia who had fled and hid emerged and were taken prisoner. Aftermath A disaster for the Americans, the Battle of Queenston Heights saw 300 killed and wounded, as well as 958 captured. British losses totaled 14 killed, 77 wounded, and 21 missing. Native American casualties 5 killed and 9 wounded. In the wake of the fighting, the two commanders agreed on truce to treat wounded. Defeated, van Rensselaer resigned and was replaced by Smyth who bungled two attempts at crossing the river near Fort Erie.

How to Make a Glowing Flower

How to Make a Glowing Flower Use chemistry to make a real flower glow in the dark. Glowing Flower - Method #1 Test a highlighter pen to make sure it glows under black (fluorescent) light. Yellow is reliable, but some other colors glow brightly, too.Use a knife or saw to cut open the pen and expose the fibers which contain the ink. Remove the ink strip.Squeeze dye from the ink pad into a small amount of water.Trim the end of a flower so that it will be able to take up water. Place the flower in the water with the ink.Allow several hours for the flower to absorb the fluorescent ink. When the flower has taken in the ink its petals will glow under black light. Glowing Flower - Method #2 many flowers fluorescent light Pour some tonic water into a vase.Cut the end off of a flower so that it has a fresh surface.Allow several hours for the quinine to be incorporated into the petals of the flower.Turn on a black light and enjoy your flower. Glowing Flower - Method #3 Prepare glowing water using diet tonic water or any color of highlighter that you have established will glow under a black light. Its also possible to use thinned glowing paint.Find a glass or cup that is large enough to accomodate your flower. Fill this container with the glowing liquid.Invert the flower and immerse it in the liquid. Gently swish the flower around to dislodge any air bubbles, since areas with bubbles wont pick up the fluorescent or phosphorescent color.Allow your flower to absorb the dye. Just dipping the flower results in spotty coverage. If you want bright glowing flowers, allow the flowers to absorb the color directly into their petals for an hour or two. You can keep the stem of the flower hydrated by wrapping a bit of dampened paper towel around it.Remove the glowing flower from the liquid. You can place it in a vase filled with water or otherwise display it under a black light. Tips for Making a Glowing Flower White or pale flowers work much better than flowers with deeply colored petals. The pigment in the dark colored flowers blocks nearly all the glowing light.You need fresh healthy flowers. Flowers that are nearly dead wont drink the water and wont glow. Its possible you might be able to inject the ink directly into the flower head, but wouldnt you rather just use a fresh flower?Certain flowers work better than others. Carnations and daisies work better than roses. Basically any flower you can dye with food coloring works well for making a glowing flower. A Note About Glowing Chemicals how to make glowing flowers . If the videos involve giving the flowers a chemical that is already glowing or is fluorescent or phosphorescent under a black light, theres a good chance the instructions are legitimate. However, videos that call for you to mix unlikely chemicals like match heads and peroxide are a scam. Those chemicals will not make your flower glow. Dont be fooled!

List of book 234 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

List of book 234 - Essay Example Description: This brightly colored picture book tells the story of a couple who adopts a child from another country. It is a helpful aide for teaching kids about adoption. Karen Katz (Author, Illustrator) Description: This picture book for young children teaches children about the different kinds of families in the world today. It is particularly helpful in teaching about multiculturalism and acceptance. Description: This award winning book presents the classic Aesop’s Fable about a lion and a mouse who are overcome their differences and help each other. This is a good book for teaching children about overcoming differences and helping one another. Description: This book is particularly helpful for toddlers as it teaches how to control emotions and how to calm down when upset. For any child with tantrum problems, this can be a great tool with its fun pictures and rhymes. Elizabeth Verdick (Author) †º Visit Amazons Elizabeth Verdick PageFind all the books, read about the author, and more.See search results for this author Are you an author? Learn about Author Central Day and Night Description: This is a picture book for children at preschool age or younger. It is a humorous tool for teaching children about things that they should do such as changing their socks each day and things that they should not such as brushing teeth with peanut

Final Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Final Project - Research Paper Example Investment that was made in Brazil could have been overinvestment that made the business spend much on fixed assets. The production capacity that is not used in this situation does not generate any cash hence becomes a waste of cash. Negative flow of cash in Brazil could also be caused by too much stock in the country. The stock will tie up cash and through this; there is increase in risk that the stock become obsolete. Allowing too much credit during sales is a factor that is able to lead to negative cash flows (Chorafas, 98). Credit to customers is a way to build revenues but late payments are a problem that always arises but a strain on cash flows. Overtrading is a factor that could make Brazil has negative cash flows. Overtrading occurs when the business expands quickly putting on pressure on short-term finance. Seasonal demand in the products also is a factor that has led to negative cash flows in the country as the goods are mainly demanded during war times (Chorafas, 209). There are feelings by investors that the statement of cash flow is the most transparent and this makes it difficult to fudge. This makes it to be the most reliant in the business to discern the true performance of a business. The division of cash flow statements is divided into three major areas making to be the most effective for use in the business (Dominguez and Tesar, 204). The division includes operating activities that constitutes the revenue generating activities to the business. Investing activities are also a composition of a cash flow statement that constitute payments that are made to acquire long term assets as well as cash that are received from sales. Financial activities constitute activities that will change equity or borrowings of a business. Currencies that are to be hedged by Raptor International are those that are on sales and investments. The currencies when hedged will enable holding onto foreign currencies as an investment such that a

The Post-modernist Era in Dance- review of 5 pieces Essay Example for Free

The Post-modernist Era in Dance- review of 5 pieces Essay Having read and experienced various modern techniques during this semester, I believe that I acquired a grand knowledge of modern concepts. The past few weeks were even more important to my improvement because I had a chance to execute long modern dance combinations with different dynamics and emotions. It led me to feel the music and put effort into it. Especially the classes I had last week, I felt the power of dancing with the heart. It was the same great feeling as performing on stage, and I think that it is the way it should be every class in order to improve both technically and artistically. Throughout classes like that I believe that the four years in college will be worth it, and I will have much more confidence and ability to face the audition process. Through the readings, I have been learning the dance development and changes throughout the years. In the post-modernism, the modern dancers and choreographers continued to experiment new feelings and movements. For example, Robert Wilson’s Einstein on the beach, which had the costumes based on photography of Albert Einstein and music by Phillip Glass, has no story behind the scene. It was first performed in 1976 in the Avignon Festival. Through the video I watched, I thought it was really interesting because it mixed modern dance, theater and music all at once. The piece is exciting and sometimes slow but still lively. In contrast, Pilobolus’ Untitled, which was first performed in 1975, had a story behind, and the music is softer than Wilson’s work. I think the choreography is not as exciting as Einstein, but the idea of focusing on the long skirts and the dancers often pushing it up to show their bare legs is deep and interesting. Having watched the video of Light Part 7 choreographed by Kei Takei and first performed in 1973, I believe that Takei wanted to bring the idea of primitive and earth throughout her choreography. Although the piece is extremely slow and has simplistic movements, it is powerful and deep in meaning. On the other hand, the most exciting piece I watched of post-modernism is Mark Morris’s LAllegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato, in which the dancers perform energetic, fast and lively movements. The costumes are simple dresses, and each dancer wears a different color. Although the costumes and setting are not sophisticated, the choreography and music catch the audience’s attention easily. The video that I liked the most was a little part of Pina Bausch’s Cafe MÃ ¼ller, in which there is a tension between the woman and the man. I cached my attention because the intention and expression that the dancers put on the dance are strong and powerful. I felt a bit of anger and sadness in the piece because the dancers transmitted those feelings. It is the main reason that makes someone be a dancer. Transmitting the feelings and expressing themselves through movements is the power that dancers have. It strongly relates to my modern class because I try every day to improve my artistic and energetic movements.

Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers

PEARL HARBOR AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 7, 1941, â€Å"A date that will live in infamy,† was the name that our President gave the worst military attack ever on United States soil, Pearl Harbor. It all started in May 1940, when Japan sent Kiichi Gunji to the newest Pacific Battle Ship Port. We chose to read this book because we both are interested in Pearl Harbor and the new movie about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major incident in the book Pearl Harbor was how the Japanese got all of the information it needed to attack the United States. They came over by a cruse ship from Japan to Hawaii and went around Hawaii like tourists. Yoshikawa and Mikami was the main spy who went around the island in a taxi with the driver named Kotoshirodo. They spied from several spots but liked the pier at Pearl City the best. He liked it so much because he could see the Pearl Harbor and the naval air strips on Ford Island from there. He went every so often so he did not make anyone too suspicious and also made sure he never went in the same clothing each time he went. He sent all the information he gathered and sent it back to Japan to be looked over. These spies where a major part of the story and the way the book ended. Another major event in this story is when the author talked about Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii and all the problems with them. In February 1941, Commander Minoru Genda was assigned to Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii. His comment was the plan was difficult but not impossible; but he turned down a lot of Yamamoto’s idea. Some ideas he didn’t keep were: the plans would take off from carriers about 500 miles from Hawaii. They would not have enough gas to make the trip there and back to the carrier ships, so Yamamoto’s plans to fly towards the carriers until their gas ran out and ditch in the Pacific, was scrapped. Genda wrote up a new plan that had the attack starts at dawn and should be a total surprise. Carriers would refuel at sea at Midway Island, and the planes would drop torpedo, dive, and high-level bombing on the United States ship and planes. Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers PEARL HARBOR AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 7, 1941, â€Å"A date that will live in infamy,† was the name that our President gave the worst military attack ever on United States soil, Pearl Harbor. It all started in May 1940, when Japan sent Kiichi Gunji to the newest Pacific Battle Ship Port. We chose to read this book because we both are interested in Pearl Harbor and the new movie about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major incident in the book Pearl Harbor was how the Japanese got all of the information it needed to attack the United States. They came over by a cruse ship from Japan to Hawaii and went around Hawaii like tourists. Yoshikawa and Mikami was the main spy who went around the island in a taxi with the driver named Kotoshirodo. They spied from several spots but liked the pier at Pearl City the best. He liked it so much because he could see the Pearl Harbor and the naval air strips on Ford Island from there. He went every so often so he did not make anyone too suspicious and also made sure he never went in the same clothing each time he went. He sent all the information he gathered and sent it back to Japan to be looked over. These spies where a major part of the story and the way the book ended. Another major event in this story is when the author talked about Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii and all the problems with them. In February 1941, Commander Minoru Genda was assigned to Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii. His comment was the plan was difficult but not impossible; but he turned down a lot of Yamamoto’s idea. Some ideas he didn’t keep were: the plans would take off from carriers about 500 miles from Hawaii. They would not have enough gas to make the trip there and back to the carrier ships, so Yamamoto’s plans to fly towards the carriers until their gas ran out and ditch in the Pacific, was scrapped. Genda wrote up a new plan that had the attack starts at dawn and should be a total surprise. Carriers would refuel at sea at Midway Island, and the planes would drop torpedo, dive, and high-level bombing on the United States ship and planes.

Technical Description Sample

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION LOT-1 PCS-01-005351 A parcel of land (Lot-1, Pcs-01-005351, being a portion of Lots-165 and 166, PLS-1110, Alilem Public Land Subd. L. R. C. Rec. No. ___________) situated at Brgy. Poblacion, Mun. of Alilem, Prov. of Ilocos Sur, Island of Luzon. Bounded on the S. along line 1-2 by Guis-it St. (10. 00 m. wide); on the W. along line 2-3 by Lot-167, PLS-1110; on the N. along line 3-4 by Lot-164, PLS-1110 and on the E. along line 4-1 by Lot- 2 of the consolidation and subd. plan. Beginning at a point marked â€Å"1†of Lot-1 on plan, being S. 65?. 02’ E. , 348. 29 m. from BLLM No. 1, PLS-1110, Alilem Public Land Subd. thence N. 7? 42’ W. , 16. 41 m. to point 2; thence N. 10? 27’ E. , 30. 59 m. to point 3; thence S. 69? 49’ E. , 16. 76 m. to point 4; thence S. 10? 42’ W. , 28. 29 m. to point 1; point of beginning, containing an area of FOUR HUNDRED EIGHTY FIVE (485) SQUARE METERS. All points referred to are indicated on the pl an and were marked on the ground with BL cyl. conc. mons. 15Ãâ€"40 cms. except points 1 and 4 which are PS cyl. conc. mon. 15Ãâ€"50 cms. Bearings Grid, date of orig. survey was on April-May, 1983; date of consol. and subd. survey was on October 10, 2010 executed by Engr. Edmund A. Soliven and was approved on August 11, 2011. CERTIFIED CORRECT: