Mintaka Star Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mintaka Star - Research Paper Example While looking up to the sky during the Tasmanian Summer, it is possible for one to pick up the popular Orion constellation. One of the major captivating features that people see in the Orion belt is the three stars, which people consider to be the giant’s belt. Mintaka is the star that is situated to the westernmost end of the belt, and it is an Arabic word that is associated with a belt. Alnilam is the central star and it refers to â€Å"a belt of pearls†. Alnitak is situated to the easternmost side and it refers to a â€Å"girdle†. All these stars are said to have been formed at the same time and are also situated at an equal distance from earth. Rigel, Saiph, Bellatrix and Betelgeuse stars were formed almost at the same time as the three stars (Gonzalez). When observing all these stars on the celestial sphere, Rigel appears to be the brightest one, and it is characterized by a white/blue appearance, while star Betelgeuse shines brightly with a reddish hue. The other stars have varying degrees of brightness, all emitting whitish color. Like in the case with most constellations, the unique stars which are associated with a unique figure are positioned at varying degrees of distance from the viewing positions that people adopt here on earth but they do not have a mutual â€Å"ancestry.† However, in Table 1, the stars that are situated in Orion’s belt together with the other fainter stars that are above and to the right of the belt share a common distance, which is approximately 1000 light years from earth (Starr).

The Fate Of Drugs And Drug Development Essay Example for Free

The Fate Of Drugs And Drug Development Essay The most appropriate dosage form for administering drugs to pediatric patients is the low-dose liquid format, computed through the patient’s kilogram body weight.   Pediatric patients are generally small in body size and thus a very low dose is sufficient in attaining the desired clinical outcome.   For adults, the maximum dose in tablet or capsule form can be administered. (2)   A drug in tablet or capsule form easily disintegrates in the stomach and the contents are further dissolved as it passes through into the small intestines, where absorption takes place. (3)   Pharmacokinetics pertains to the action of drugs in terms of absorption, as well as metabolism within the human body (Sharan et al., 2009).   This field also deals with the distribution of the drug and its eventual excretion. (4)   Pharmacokinetics involves a specific order of activities with regards to a drug because it describes the actual steps that occur during drug intake.   Before the actual effect of a drug takes place, the active ingredient needs to be absorbed through the intestinal lining and further distributed to the target areas of the body.   Metabolism then occurs which is the incorporation of the drug to the target areas.   Any excess or used drugs are then removed from the body through the process of excretion. (5)   The chemical nature of the drug determines the absorption ability of a drug.   Lipophilic drugs generally enter the cells quickly, due to its similarity in composition to the plasma membrane.   High dosages can also increase the absorption of a drug into cells. (6)   Pharmacodynamics pertains to the effect of a drug in terms of its biochemistry and physiological action in the human body. (7)   One main action of a drug is to stimulate the human body to perform a specific action (Kang and Lee, 2009).   Another type of drugs is the depressant, which slows down specific activities in the body.   There are also cytotoxic drugs that kill specific cells in the body.   Other drugs are aimed to replace certain substances that are lacking or at very low levels in the body. (8)   The general relationship observed is that when a drug response is attained, the serum concentration of that same drug is found to be at its highest dose.   Drug manufacturing is mainly based on the preparation of capsules or tablets that contain the minimum amount of the drug that can exert a response in the human body (Najib, 2009). (9)  Ã‚   An adverse effect of a drug occurs when there are more than enough amounts that are circulating in the body of a patient.   The excess amount can cause damage to the liver of an individual (Marin et al., 2009).   Drug-drug interactions pertain to the effect of one drug on another, if they are administered at the same time.   The presence of another drug may either interfere or enhance the effect of another drug and thus it is important for a physician to know all the drugs that a patient takes before prescribing or administering any new drugs. References Kang, J.S. and Lee, M.H.   (2009).   Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring.   Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 24, 1-10. Marin, J.J., Briz, O., Perez, M.J., Romero, M.R. and Monte, M.J.   (2009).   Hepatobiliary transporters in the pharmacology and toxicology of anticancer drugs.   Frontiers in Bioscience, 14, 4257-4280. Najib, J.   (2009).   The efficacy and safety profile of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a prodrug of d-amphetamine, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults.   Clinical Therapeutics, 31, 142-176. Sharan, K., Siddiqui, J.A., Swarnkar, G., Maurya, R. and Chattopadhyay, N.   (2009).   Role of phytochemicals in the prevention of menopausal bone loss: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo, human interventional and pharma-cokinetic studies.   Current Topics in Medical Chemistry, 16, 1138-1157.

Most Significant Events of the 1950s-1990s Essay -- American History

During the course of our American History, there have been events that have changed the course of the nation. In the more recent times, our nation has been through the Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam War, and even the Reaganomics. Despite all the turn of events in the American history, our nation has overcome and survived. Civil Rights Movement of 1954 – 1965 The Civil Rights Movement has been a changing point in the lives of countless minorities. The Civil Rights Movement started in 1954 when Linda Brown was denied entry to a school in Topeka, Kansas due to her race, thus creating the Brown v. Board of Education case. The Brown v. Board of Education case helped mark a turning point for minorities and ruled that it segregation in schools was unconstitutional. In 1955, one of the most famous events in the history of the Civil Rights Movement occurred. Rosa Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955 after refusing to give up her bus seat for a white man. Rosa’s refusal sparked the Montgomery bus boycott. Finally, in 1964, President Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. According to John Simkin, â€Å"The 1964 Civil Rights Act made racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, restaurants and hotels, illegal. It also required employers to provide equal employment opportunities. Projects involving federal funds could now be cut off if there was evidence of discriminated based on colour, race or national origin.† (Spartacus Educational, 1997) The fight for civil rights has been going on for decades in our nation. During the Civil War, President Lincoln tried to fight to end slavery of African Americans in the south. According to the National Archives and Records Administration, â€Å"Presiden... ...source. Retrieved on August 11, 2008 from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcivil64.htm The Watergate Files. August 19, 1974. (Date Unknown) Online Website Resource. Retrieved on August 16, 2008 from http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=5&page=d The Watergate Files. July 24, 1974 The United States v. Richard Nixon. (Date Unknown). Online Website Resource. Retrieved on August 14, 2008 from http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=5&page=d Tull, Matthew Ph D., Chronic PTSD in Vietnam War Veterans. (April 3, 2008, Para. 2). Online Website Resource. Retrieved on August 9, 2008 from http://ptsd.about.com/od/ptsdandthemilitary/a/Vietnamlongterm.htm Vietnam War. Vietnam War. (2007). Online Website Resource. Retrieved on August 16, 2008 from http://www.vietnamwar.com/

Kristen Cookie Company

Assignment 1 Operations Management I Kristen’s Cookie Company (A1) Section No. | 5| Group No. | AA1| Total Marks| 50| Marks Obtained| | Sr. No. | Name of Students| Roll No| 1| Ameya Prakash Deopujari| 12506| 2| Mayank Jhawar| 12527| 3| Nitya Agarwal| 12532| 4| Pawanjot Singh Makkar| 12535| 5| Radhika Sharma| 12540| 1 – How long will it take you to fill an order? Ans – Total time taken for a 1 dozen order is 26 minutes as per below table. Activity Involved| Cycle Time| Cumulative time| Order Entry| 0 minute| 0 minute| Washing & mixing| 6 minutes| 6 minutes| Spooning| 2 minutes| 8 minutes|Oven set up| 1 minute| 9 minutes| Bake cookies| 9 minutes| 18 minutes| Remove cookies| 0 minute| 18 minutes| Cool cookies| 5 minutes| 23 minutes| Pack cookies| 2 minutes| 25 minutes| Accept payment| 1 minute| 26 minutes| 2 – How many orders can you fill in a night, assuming you are open four hours each night? Ans – Time taken for preparation of a single order can be divided into 3 parts: Therefore if the tray is ready for the second order (pre baking process) while the first order is in the oven for baking, it would save 8 minutes of time for every subsequent order.When the first order is in process in baking, the pre baking session for the second order will take place for 8 minutes, thus these 8 minutes have been saved. Every order has to undergo both baking and post-baking processes taking 18 (10+8) minutes. But when the first order is in post baking session (taking 8 minutes) then during the 8 minutes second order can be baked saving 8 minutes. 2 minutes will be consumed by second order only as baking process in total takes 10 minutes. Then post baking process of second order will take 8 minutes more. So the second order in total takes 10 (8+2) minutes extra.Now when the second order is in baking then third order can be prepared for pre baking process thus saving 8 minutes again. As second order is in post baking process for 8 minutes, then third order can be baked thus saving 8 minutes. 2 minutes extra will be consumed by third order for baking process. 8 minutes will be consumed then for the post baking process. So the third order will take 10 minutes extra for total processing. Therefore every subsequent order will take 10 minutes only for complete process. Therefore time taken for the preparation of ‘additional x' orders of 1 dozen would be: (26 + 10x) minutesThus if business operates for maximum of 4 hours (i. e. 240 minutes) the maximum no: of orders Kristen Cookie Company can take in 1 day would be 22 dozens as per table below. So from above table it is clear that after the first dozen every subsequent dozen will take 10 minutes only. So 22 dozens taking a total of 236 minutes can be prepared in 4 hours of business. 3 – How much of your own and your roommate’s valuable time will it take to fill each order? Ans – For my roommate time taken to fill each order is:- For me first dozen will take time as per below:- For second & third dozen, time taken will be 2 minutes only as mixing one for the first dozen will be available for second & third dozen also. For the fourth dozen, time taken will be again 8 minutes. This trend will continue for every 3rd order after the first order of one dozen. 4 – Because your baking trays can hold exactly one dozen cookies, you will produce and sell cookies by the dozen. Should you give any discount for people who order two dozen cookies, three dozen cookies or more? If so, how much? Will it take you any longer to fill a two-dozen cookies order than one–dozen cookies order? Ans – For 1 dozen order time taken:- Self – 8 minutesRoommate – 4 minutes Total – 12 minutes For a 2 dozen order time taken:- Self – 6(washing & mixing) + 4(spooning 2 times) = 10 minutes Roommate – 2 minutes (Oven set up 2 times) + 4 minutes (Pack cookies 2 times) + 1 minute (accept payment) = 7 minutes Total – 17 minutes For a 3 dozen order time taken:- Self – 6(washing & mixing) + 6(spooning 3 times) = 12 minutes Roommate – 3 minutes (Oven set up 3 times) + 6 minutes (Pack cookies 3 times) + 1 minute (accept payment) = 10 minutes Total – 22 minutes Let us assume that labor cost is $15 per hour for self & roommate.Order size| Total minutes| Cost/minute| Cost for order| Cost per dozen| Material Cost| Potential Discount| 1 dozen| 12| $15/60 = $0. 25| 12 * 0. 25 = $3| $3| $0. 70| 0| 2 dozen| 17| $0. 25 | 17*0. 25 = $4. 25| $2. 125| $0. 70| 3 – (2. 125+0. 70) = $0. 275 | 3 dozen| 22| $0. 25| 22*0. 25 = $5. 50| $1. 833| $0. 70| 3 – (1. 833+0. 70) = $0. 467| As we observe, we can afford to give a discount for two- and three-dozen orders. A two-dozen order doesn't cost twice as  much as a one-dozen order and a three-dozen order cost much less then thrice a one-dozen order. – How many food processor and baking trays will you need? Ans – The food processor is idle for a long time in the process so only 1 is required. As it can contain atleast 3 dozens of ingredients during the whole process we should have atleast 3 trays as each tray handles 1 dozen of the ingredients. 6 – Are there any changes you can make in your production plans that will allow you to make better cookies or more cookies in less time or at lower cost? For example, is there a bottleneck operation in you production process that you can expand cheaply?What is the effect of adding another oven? How much would you be willing to pay to rent an additional oven? Ans – Producing more no of cookies is dependent upon the baking activity which is the bottleneck operation in the production process. If we install one more oven two dozen cookies will be ready in 28 mins only which is 8 mins less than 36 mins previously. Dozen | Process| Cycle time| start time| end time| 1| Washing ; Mixing| 6| 0| 6| 1| Spooning| 2| 6| 8| 1| Oven set up| 1| 8| 9| 1| Bake cookies(oven 1)| 9| 9| 18| 2| Spooning| 2| 8| 10| 2| Oven 2 set up| 1| 10| 11| | Bake cookies(oven 2)| 9| 11| 20| 1| Cool cookies| 5| 18| 23| 1| Pack cookies| 2| 23| 25| 2| Cool cookies| 5| 20| 25| 2| Pack cookies| 2| 25| 27| | Accept payment| 1| 27| 28| Similarly for 3 dozens the time reduces to 36 mins which is 10 mins less than the previous time Dozen | Process| Cycle time| start time| end time| 1| Washing ; Mixing| 6| 0| 6| 1| Spooning| 2| 6| 8| 1| Oven set up| 1| 8| 9| 1| Bake cookies(oven 1)| 9| 9| 18| 2| Spooning| 2| 8| 10| 2| Oven 2 set up| 1| 10| 11| 2| Bake cookies(oven 2)| 9| 11| 20| 1| Cool cookies| 5| 18| 23| 1| Pack cookies| 2| 23| 25| | Cool cookies| 5| 20| 25| 2| Pack cookies| 2| 25| 27| 3| Spooning| 2| 10| 12| 3| Oven 1set up| 1| 18| 19| 3| Bake cookies(oven 1)| 9| 19| 28| 3| Cool cookies| 5| 28| 33| 3| Pack cookies| 2| 33| 35| | Accept payment| 1| 35| 36| | | | | | Further number 4 dozens will just take 38 minutes. So in terms of costing we can pay that much for the oven per day which is less than or equal to profit on dozens of cookies that can be made in 4 hours (assuming the business is run for 4 hours only). 7 – What happens if you are trying to do this by yourself without roommate?Ans – We have assumed that there is only 1 tray ; the order for 2nd dozen is of the same variety as the 1st dozen. Activity| Cycle Time| Start Time| End time| Order Entry| 0 minute| 00:00| 00:00| Washing ; mixing| 6 minutes| 06:00| 06:00| Spooning (Dozen 1)| 2 minutes| 06:00| 08:00| Oven set up (Dozen 1)| 1 minute| 08:00| 09:00| Bake cookies (Dozen 1)| 9 minutes| 09:00| 18:00| Remove cookies (Dozen 1)| 0 minute| 18:00| 18:00| Cool cookies (Dozen 1)| 5 minutes| 18:00| 23:00| Pack cookies (Dozen 1)| 2 minutes| 26:00| 28:00| Spooning (Dozen 2)| 2 minutes| 23:00| 25:00|Oven set up (Dozen 2)| 1 minute| 25:00| 26:00| Bake cookies (Dozen 2)| 9 minutes| 26:00| 35:00| Remove cookies (Dozen 2)| 0 minute| 35:00| 35:00| Cool cookies (Dozen 2)| 5 minutes | 35:00| 40:00| Pack cookies (Dozen 2)| 2 minutes| 40:00| 42:00| Accept payment| 1 minute| 42:00| 43:00| So we can see that total time required for preparing 2 dozens has increased if all the activities have to be done by me only. 8 – Should you offer special rate for rush orders? Suppose you have just put a tray of cookies into the oven and someone call up with a â€Å"crash priority† order for a dozen cookies of a different flavor.Can you fill the priority order while still fulfilling the order for the cookies that are already in the oven? If not, how much of a premium should you charge for filling the rush order? Ans – * When the priority order is received, the current order is already in oven. By the time the current order cookies are baked in oven, the washing, mixing and spooning operations can be performed for priority order. Post which, there will be an idle time of up to 1 minute for priority order before the oven setup and baking process starts. * For the remaining process, there will be no idle time for priority order. By the time the priority order cookies are baked in oven, the previous order will be ready. * Thus, if a priority order comes when a tray for a current order is already in oven, the priority order can be filled still fulfilling the current order with a maximum delay time of 1 minute for priority order. * No premium should be charged as the process does not affect previous order. 9 – When should you promise delivery? How can you look quickly at you order board (list of pending orders) and tells a caller when his or her order will be ready?How much of a safety margin for timing should you allow? Ans – For Priority Orders:- * The safety margin should be based upon the time required for the prebaking process. This is because if an order received during baking or post baking process, would not need that operation to be stopped intermittently. * Thus if an order is received during washing and mixing proces s, the process will require to be stopped in between. * The prebaking process takes 8 minutes to complete. Thus the maximum margin should be 8 minutes for normal orders in such cases. So previous order would be delayed by a maximum of 8 minutes. 10 – What other factors should you consider at this stage of planning your business? Ans – * Competitors’ strengths and weaknesses. * Potential Customers likes and tastes * Regulations involved * Financing the budgets * Cost Effectiveness of the business proposition * Further investment required * Ways to get cheaper materials * Extra labor required or not 11 – Your product must be made to order because each order is potentially unique. If you decide to sell standard cookies instead, how should you change the production system?The order-taking process? Ans – * Now the cookies can be sold with the USP of being low price and  good quality. * We can bake the cookies before receiving the order and stock it, i nstead of making the  product one by one  according to each unique requirement. * The order-taking process also needs to  change. The consumers don’t need to  use the mail service to place the orders and wait for  pickup. They can come to the room directly to buy it. * If someone needs a large  sum of cookies, they can inform or order  little earlier. * We can have own cookies menu.

Jane Loevinger and Her Theory of Ego Development Essay

Human development is a fascinating subject. Psychologists have long studied the recurrent patterns of how humans develop physically, emotionally, and psychologically. If psychologists can find patters, then they can begin to predict behavior and understand how and why people behave the way they do. Many theories have been put forth to try to explain some of the consistencies people go through as they develop. Jane Loevinger is one of those developmental theorists. Her theory of ego development has been a significant contribution to the psychological world. Loevinger was born in 1918. She grew up in Minnesota as the daughter of a lawyer and homemaker. Her home was comfortable, but not full of a lot of love. After finishing her undergraduate and master’s degree at the University of Minnesota, she ended up at the University of California. There she was a research assistant for Erik Erikson. She learned a great deal during this time about her own thoughts and beliefs about psychology (www. webster. edu). In 1943 she finished her PhD dissertation on the construction and evaluation of tests of ability. Her critique of test reliability made her no friends in the psychometric world, and publications refused to publish her work. She ended up paying for the publication herself. After finishing her dissertation, Loevinger quit working full time to have her two children. During this time she felt the guilt and pressure all moms feel. Working moms feel guilty for all the time they spend away from their children, and stay-at-home moms feel guilty for not doing anything professionally. She also felt discriminated against because of her gender. After working in unfulfilling part-time jobs, Loevinger finally decided to get back to research. She was one of the first psychologists to focus her testing on the demographic of women. She began working with a small group of women, and eventually designed the Sentence Completion Test (SCT) which consists of thirty-four open-ended questions that measures ego development. This test led her to develop her theory of ego development, which states that a person’s ego development follows nine typical phases (psychology-health. today. com). Loevinger’s theory of personality asserts that as people grow, they begin to internalize social rules, become less impulsive, and mature in their decision-making processes. The first stage of development is the infancy stage. This is the very beginning of development and ego. The infant does not know how to do anything but cry when it needs something. No thoughts are about anything other than the self. The impulsive stage is similar; when a young child wants something, they want it now. They are starting to understand consequences at this stage, so there is some awareness of others. The self-protected stage is when children first exhibits self control. They understand rewards and consequences, and are very motivated by them. The next stage, the conformist stage, is when conforming to the group of peers in paramount. There is no identity outside the group, and the disapproval of others is a major problem. Behaviors are judged by what happened, not by the intentions behind them. Finally, in the self-aware stage, there begins to be a bit of maturity. This is when people begin to become individuals. There is more to life than the group, and an inner sense of self is emerging. The conscientious stage takes those ideas even further. Here the person has goals and ideals, a sense of responsibility, and feels guilt not only about breaking a rule, but because of the thought of hurting others. Motives are taken into account as well as actions. During the individualistic stage, there develops a greater tolerance of other people, as well as an awareness of inner conflict. During this stage, the person will pull away from the group toward a more individual identity. People in the autonomous stage show a great deal of maturity. They worry about their needs verses the duties of their lives, they want self-fulfillment, and they can understand more than one point of view. Finally, the integrated stage is reached when a person fully understands their own identity. She is self-actualizing, and can understand behavior motives and intentions of others as well as herself. While not all people will be able to reach this last stage of integration, Loevinger shows a road map of how to get there. I feel her developmental theory is meaningful today, because people still have inner struggles throughout the course of their lives. When I think about all of my friends and family, I can see which stage they are each in. Loevinger contributed a theory that definitely stands the test of time and is relevant to people today. I can also look back over my life and see that some decisions I made were direct results of the stage I was in at the time. I feel like I am always trying to improve myself on the inside, and be a good person on the outside, so I feel I am in the conscientious stage. I know some of my friends who are still in the conformist stage, and this is probably a source for much of our conflict. I cannot understand why they are so concerned with what others think about them, but it might be simply because they have no matured past that stage yet. I think most young adults fall somewhere between the conformist and self-aware stages. That is why so many young adults get into trouble; they follow the group and try drugs or things they would not ordinarily try on their own. The group mentality can be very problematic, and the power it has over young adults is scary. Loevinger contributed a theory of ego development that has made a significant impact on how we understand why we act the way we do. Her stages of development represent specific time frames of life and the decisions that many people make during those times. Her theory is relevant today and still has valid implications for anyone studying human development. References Women’s intellectual contributions to the study of mind and society. Retrieved May 17, 2009, from http://www. webster. edu/~woolflm/loevinger. html Writer 44. Jane Loevinger’s theory of ego development. Retrieved May 17, 2009 from http://psychology-health. today. com/2009/03/01/jane-loevingers-theory-of-ego-development/

Study of the Instrumentation Ltd. recruitment process (Palakkad) The WritePass Journal

Study of the Instrumentation Ltd. recruitment process (Palakkad) Introduction: Study of the Instrumentation Ltd. recruitment process (Palakkad) Introduction:Aim:Prelimnary Review:Research questionaire:Research   Methodology:Nature of research design:Sample Design:SAMPLING METHODTOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTIONSTATISTICAL TOOLS FOR ANALYSISTOOLS FOR ANALYSED DATA PRESENTATIONPlanning And Any Special Resources Required;ReferencesRelated Introduction: Recruitment is the process of locating potential individuals who might join an organization and encouraging them to apply for existing or anticipated job openings. During this process, efforts are made to inform the applicants fully about the qualifications required to perform the job and the career opportunities the organization can offer its employees. Whether a particular job vacancy will be filled by someone from within the organization or from outside will depend on the availability of personnel, the organization’s HR policies, and the requirements of the job to be staffed.   In this scenario, recruitment becomes an inevitable process that has to be done in every organization, which helps to increase the   rate of selection process. Instrumentation Limited is one of the most important valve making organization   in India. To study the recruitment process and the   various methods of recruitment the researcher has carried out the research. Organizations with effective recruitment systems are able to identify right skills and motivations to succeed in the organization. Recruitment is the best method to increase the pool of potential personnel and thus the selection process by filtering the number of under qualified and over qualified job candidate Aim: The main of the aim of research is to study the current recruitment process in Instrumentation Limited, Palakkad. The other objectives of the research are: To identify the various factors affecting recruitment policy and programme. To identify the sources of recruitment with to acquire potential candidate. To understand the recent trends in recruitment Prelimnary Review: To be more effective information’s can be gathered from the staffs on their perceptions on the quality of recruitment. The  Ã‚   business pool and the environment are changing rapidly with the globalization, competition all affecting the production level of the company. Recruitment of employees to right job plays a vital role in the growth of the company. A well planned and well managed recruitment effort will result in high quality candidates and they add as assets to the business or the organization. Increased competition for talent means that recruiting has acquired new importance for managers. Today, many jobs require higher skill levels, to stay apace of their competitors and expand their operations companies have to look for efficient workers. Some of   the   findings on basis of   prelimnary analysis are: 1. 75% of employees said that recruitment is helpful for right man on right job. 2. 67% employees opined that external factors are not affected to do recruitment program. 3. 75% of employees agree that nature of competition for human resources determines the organizational approach towards the recruitment program. 4. 80% of employees are satisfied with the present recruitment program. 5. 55% of employees strongly disagreeing that organization is conducting campus interview. 6. The recruitment cost   is so high because prospective candidate is not joining in the organization 7. 54% of employee’s strongly agreeing that they are aware of the type of personnel to be recruited. 8. 75% of employees opined that both promotion and transfer are provided by the company 9. 85% of employees opined that traditional methods are suited for recruitment. The above findings help us to know the current situation, conditions, trends and what do they expect on recruitment. So that we will be able to take necessary steps now and changes for the future also for a better work life. Instrumentation Limited Palakkad, started its operation in technical collaboration with an international reputed firm Yamataka-Honeywell Company Limited, Japan for the manufacturing of control valves. Later safety valves were manufactured in collaboration with M/s ETSL Bernard, France. The unit in Palakkad concentrates mainly on pneumatically operated control valves. Recognizing the quality and reliability of the products , the stress they given for research and development made me interest towards them and to make a case study about their recruitment of   candidates as a resource for the company Research questionaire: How the current recruitment process takes place. What are the various factors affecting recruitment policy and programme. What are the sources of recruitment with to acquire potential candidate. To understand the recent trends in recruitment Research   Methodology: The context of the case study is to examine and evaluate on Instrumentation Limited, Palakkad, India. In research method many ways of work processes are used to get accurate result as possible. The research is to examine the recruitment process, sources of recruitment to acquire the candidate and the factors affecting the policy and programme of recruitment. Nature of research design: The research design used here is descriptive research design. In descriptive research the researcher has no control over the variables. Sample Design: POPULATION The population in the organization is 633. SAMPLE UNIT The sample unit is the employees from various departments in the organization. SAMPLE SIZE The sample size chosen for study is 60 employees SAMPLING METHOD The method used is simple random sampling. 6.4 COLLECTION OF DATA The data necessary for the study has been collected from primary and secondary sources. a) Primary Data The primary data are those, which are, collected a fresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. The primary data is collected for specific purpose, in this study, these data are collected by means of questionnaire and interview schedule. b)   Secondary Data The secondary data means data that are already available; it may be either published data or unpublished data. Secondary data for the case study or the research will be collected from company websites, recruitment policy of the organisation and articles, magazines and books. TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION Questionnaire and interview schedule are used to collect data. This will be used for further analysis. STATISTICAL TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS Simple percentage method is used to analyze the data. This will give the statistical information for analysis. TOOLS FOR ANALYSED DATA PRESENTATION Tables Column chart Pie diagrams This diagrams will give us a brief idea about the data’s that we have to analyze and will give a quick view of the data’s that are present. Planning And Any Special Resources Required; Proper information’s given by the staffs working in the Instrumentation Limited will help to collect data’s or information’s that are necessary for the statistical and data analysis. And also collect data’s through voice calls, websites to make it more flexible. References BOOKS REFERRED IAN BEARDWELL LEN HOLDEN, Human Resource Management, Published by Pitman Publishing, a division of Pearson Professional Ltd, London 4TH edition H.JOHN BERNADIN, Human Resource Management, published by Tata McGraw-Hill 5 th edition 3rd edition C.B.MAMORIA S.V.GANGER, Human Resource Management, published by Himalaya Publishing House 4 th edition WAYNE.F.CASCIO, Human Resource Management, published by Tata McGraw-Hill 5 th edition LAWRENCE.S.KLEIMAN, Human Resource Management, published by Biztantre an Imprint of Dreamtech Press. 6 th edition

Confucius And Confucianism Essays - Confucianism, Chinese Philosophy

Confucius And Confucianism Essays - Confucianism, Chinese Philosophy Confucius and Confucianism LIFE OF CONFUCIUS Confucius was believed to have been born in 551 BC., in the state of Lu, known today as the Shandong province. His parents, who died while he was a child, named him Kong Qui. Confucius was derived from the Latin word Kongfuzi which means Great Master Kong. Confucius was the most influential and respected philosopher in Chinese history. His ideas were the single strongest influence on Chinese society from around 100 BC. to the AD. 1900's. The Chinese government made his ideas the official state philosophy and many nearby countries honored his beliefs. Confucius wanted to gain the position as an adviser to a wise ruler, but he failed. He hoped to do this in order to be able to employ his ideas for reforming society. If it wasn't for the disciples of Confucius his teachings would have never been spread around China, and he would have never been made known. His teachings were never written down by him, but his conversations and sayings were written down by his disciples in the analects. CONFUCIANISM Confucianism was the single most important thing in Chinese life. It affected everything in China; education, government, and attitudes toward behavior in public and private life. Confucianism is not a religion, but it is more a philosophy and a guide to morality and good government. At the time Confucius was born, China was in a conezt state of war, and rapid political change altered the structure of Chinese society so much that people no longer respected the established behavioral guidelines. Confucius stated that the ideal person was one of good moral character. The ideal person was also truly reverent in worship and sincerely respected his father and his ruler. He was expected to think for himself, guided by definite rules of conduct. As Confucius said, he was expected to take "as much trouble to discover what was right as lesser men take to discover what will pay". Confucius believed that this type of behavior by rulers had a greater effect on the people than did laws or codes of punishment. So when these types of people were rulers, their moral example would inspire the people to lead good lives. Confucius died sometime around 479 B.C., and his philosophy was not very well known. If it weren't for his disciples his ideas would probably still be unknown. Confucius never wrote anything down himself; his disciples wrote all of his sayings down in a collection of books called the Analects. These contain all that modern day man knows about Confucius. There existed two important Confucian philosophers-Mencius (390-305 BC) and Xunzi (mid 200's B.C.). They held beliefs similar to Confucius but they were somewhat different. Mencius's viewpoint was that people were born good, and that they had to "preserve the natural compassion of the heart". Xunzi opposed this by saying that people could be good and live peacefully only if their minds were shaped by education and conduct. Both of these ideas parallel Confucius', in that they both state that people can be good. Confucianism was concerned primarily with the needs of society, and unlike Buddhism and Taoism, not the ability for a person to live in harmony with nature. Beginning in the 200's B.C. Buddhism and Taoism began to affect and reshape the ezdards of Confucianism, and things such as nature came into play. Around A.D. 200 to 600, there was a rapid decline in the Confucian Beliefs in China. This was partly because Confucianism now had to compete with Buddhism and Taoism, which were developed around this time. These religions were to Confucianism as night is to day, in other words, they were exact opposites. Buddhism and Taoism were largely concerned with the meaning of suffering and death, while Confucianism largely ignored these. The revival of Confucianism began around the 600's and was fully revived by the 700's. In the 1100's, there was a movement lead by Zhu-Xi called the Neo-Confucianism movement. He developed a branch of this movement known as the rational-wing, it dealt with the study of Li, the relationship between humans and nature. Another branch was called the intuitional-wing and it dealt mostly with enlightenment by a combination of meditation and moral action.In the 1900's there was a