Relationships in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre Essay Example for Free

Relationships in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre Essay ‘To what extent is Jane Eyre influenced by relationships in chapters 1-10 in the novel?’ Relationships are a key theme in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. Throughout the novel we see the rise and fall of Jane, all most importantly due to relationships. This starts primarily with her lack of relationship with her parents, as she was orphaned when she was very young, she has no idea what it is like to love or to be loved and we see her strive to find out these feelings throughout the novel, until finally she achieves it, but the journey towards this is deeply important. In chapters one and two we see the basis of Jane’s view of relationships through her connection with the Reed’s. Firstly Mrs Reed does her upmost to make sure Jane is excluded from her and her ‘contented, happy, little children’ we as readers see this as a cruel act from Mrs Reed, she does not care that Jane is deeply unhappy because Jane is not one of her children, therefore she does not see it as her duty to care for her emotionally and thinks by punishing her and excluding her from the family that this will teach Jane to be a ‘contented child’ however we as readers see that this causes Jane to be deeply troubled within herself. This leads to Jane not only resenting Mrs Reed but also her children as they have been taught that Jane is a ‘dependant’ especially John who ultimately sees himself as above Jane in every aspect of life, he believes that Jane is just scavenging off them and this causes him to act in a horrific and bullying manor towards Jane. This causes Jane to act in a way she ordinarily would not, she even says herself that it causes ‘sensations for the time predominated over fear’ she feels so angry and let down that she finally stands up for herself. Therefore this influences Jane in a way that she feels like nobody will ever truly love her and she feels very much an outcast, this causes Jane to act in a way that even she herself expresses that she does not want to, she is cold and unloving and strives desperately to be appreciated but of course, this all happens in vain. We also see Jane to act very irrationally towards Mrs Reed, she deeply wants her to love her, yet w hen it comes down to it and she realises Mrs Reed never will she has an explosion of anger and tells Mrs Reed all the things that have been stewing up in her mind for so long; ‘I am glad you are no relation of mine. I will never call you aunt again as long as I live. I will never come to visit you when I am grown up; and if anyone asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick. . . .† this we  see as Jane being bitter towards Mrs Reed which we learn in later chapters as a very uncharacteristic feature of Jane Eyre, she is usually forgiving. The relationship between Jane and the nursery maid; Bessie is an important one, in the first few chapters we see Bessie as being somewhat cruel and dismissive of Jane compared to the other Reed children, she does not feel a connection towards Jane as she is not as pretty or funny as the other children therefore Bessie does not see her appeal. However after the event in the red room we see a change with Bessie’s attitude towards Jane, she turns somewhat softer as we see her feel sorry for Jane and how hard Mrs Reed is on her. This is an extremely important turning point in the novel as we see Jane in the chapters leading up to this as very self involved and saddened as she has no one to love, yet as soon as Bessie softens to Jane and tells her that she can sympathise with the position she’s been put in she tells Jane ‘I don’t dislike you, Miss; I believe I am fonder of you than of all the others.’ This affects Jane greatly and we see a completely different little girl, she seems to talk which much more glee and excitement and even for her ‘life had its gleams of sunshine’. So we see how much relationships influence Jane and her attitudes in the novel, relationships affect Jane and how her personality is. In chapter five Jane meets Helen Burns, Helen is also an orphan and see’s the school as somewhat of a sanctuary even though she is constantly picked upon by the teacher. Helen is Jane’s first friend but more importantly she becomes Jane’s best friend and we see as the relationship grows that Helen deeply influences Jane, she teaches her to be less excitable and too see the best in others, a quality that Jane desperately needs after her experience with the Reed’s. She teaches Jane to be self sacrificing when she tells her ‘it is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you’. Helen believes that you should suffer pain yourself than have others see and feel an action that you may regret when you have calmed down. Jane learns from this and this causes Jane to be a character who thinks beyond this life and onto the next with God. We see Jane finds this as a great comfort and now instead of looking onto God as something to be feared, she looks at him as somewhat of a comfort, especially after Helen dies of typhoid. Helen believes that after she dies she is going to be with her family and loved  ones and most importantly with God, therefore she does not fear death and although Jane is deeply distraught by the death of the only friend she’s ever had in the world, the fact that she will, if she lives correctly see her again is a great comfort. This shows the importance of friendship throughout the novel and how with Jane having the comfort of a friend she can be the person that she has always wanted to be, thanks to Helen Jane finds herself acting more appropriately and being able to handle her anger. Therefore this relationship has greatly affected Jane as she strives to be more like Helen. Relationships are of key importance to Bronte writing about Jane Eyre, it is how she expresses her feelings of how relationships have perhaps affected her and it shows how deeply the lack of love can affect someone. This novel is primarily about love, whether it being a lack of love or so much love that it turns into passion, Jane strives to feel this emotion and closeness with anyone who will allow her to be their friend. Therefore relationships are a key influence to Jane Eyre, they affect how she acts and how she feels and without them, as we learn in the first few chapters, life can be a very lonely existence.

Conan Doyle creates mystery Essay Example for Free

Conan Doyle creates mystery Essay Conan Doyle creates mystery and suspense in a variety of ways. The setting and atmosphere formed in a mystery story are vital and often one of the most effective ingredients. The desired effect, which in the case of these short stories is mystery and suspense, depend largely upon the setting and atmosphere. The major events that take place in The Speckled Band occur at the home of Dr Roylott in Stoke Moran. Watson describes the two uninhabited sections as a picture of ruin. The description of the two thirds of the house that are in ruin, raises questions in the readers mind as to what is occurring in the two areas of the house which are uninhabited. When the shape of the building is compared to the claws of a crab, it creates a perturbing simile for the reader. The reader may ask the question, Are Holmes and Watson about to be trapped within the claws? The major events that occur in The Speckled Band take place during the night. This creates an overwrought atmosphere as the night is thought to heighten emotions. During the night it is harder to see, and many perceive this as potentially dangerous. The fact that Stoke Moran is in a remote and secluded location, separate from the village, also indicates that no one could hear a murder or be able to help the victim. Therefore this is a perfect setting for a murder. The setting that is created also generates many decoys that could possibly throw the reader completely off the scent. The first being the gypsies. Roylott allows them access to his fields and therefore there are nearly always some there. In Victorian times you were thought badly of if you consorted with gypsies as they were thought to be social outcasts and were often feared by people due to curses and the magic they supposedly practiced. Not only do the gypsies provide a decoy and a slight edge to the story, they also create an unusual setting. The final element that dramatically adds to the setting, and that creates suspense in the atmosphere, is the wild animals that Dr Roylott allows to roam free. He has a cheetah and a baboon, which are feared by the villagers almost as much as their master. Personally I feel that Roylotts pets almost represent his character. The atmosphere around Stoke Moran must be one of tension and fear, and this is clearly illustrated through the setting that Doyle devises. The atmosphere and setting is also greatly influenced by the weather. On the eve of Julia Stoners death,It was a wild night. The wind was howling outside, and the rain was beating and splashing against the windows. Here Conan Doyle uses the technique pathetic fallacy as the weather mirrors the terrible events that are about to occur. Suddenly, amid all the hubbub of the gale, there burst forth the wild scream of a terrified woman. The use of literary techniques such as these adds to the foundations of the story and makes it a great deal more exciting. Personally I like the way suspense is created throughout this story. I thought this example was one of the most exciting parts. Conan Doyle uses detail to build up tension when Watson and Holmes must make their second visit to Stoke Moran in the dead of night. The atmosphere, while Watson and Holmes make their secret entrance, is on edge. There is a chill wind which gives the effect that it is eerie and ghostly, the pair are almost waiting for something to happen, when they see what appears to be a hideous and distorted child. Although it is only the baboon, it creates a heightened sense of suspense. When they realises the cause of their panic they find it humorous, and tension drops slightly as the foremost event has not yet occurred. Even though they are laughing, they are both still concerned about the cheetah roaming the grounds and the fact that they have to be totally soundless.

Rational Criticism Of All Knowledge Claims Philosophy Essay

Rational Criticism Of All Knowledge Claims Philosophy Essay Whether a knowledge claim should be open to rational criticism relies on the area of knowledge being considered. In areas of knowledge, such as natural sciences, if a claim is not justified rationally then it can not be regarded as truth. Therefore these knowledge claims should be open to rational criticism. In other areas of knowledge such as aesthetics, a knowledge claim does not depend on reason or logic, so for it to be open to rational criticism may be unsuitable. In this essay, I will explore the effect rational criticism has on areas of knowledge and to see whether this should be the basis for knowledge claims to be accepted as truth. Rational criticism plays a huge role in the advancement of scientific knowledge. This is because the scientific method of accumulating knowledge is by producing a theory for which to use reason and induction can not disprove. However if it is disproved by rational criticism or experimental data then the theory must be adapted or rejected. Therefore, any knowledge claims should not contradict any established facts. An example of this would be Democritus who was one of the first to propose the theory of the indivisible atom1 using rational ideas. However at the time, this statement did not have any observational implications and so could not be proved using empirical evidence. His theory that the atom is indivisible should be open to rational criticism if it is to be used to explain rational events in the world. However due to advances in technology, empirical evidence found by Rutherford in 1911 showed that the atom was made of protons, neutrons and electrons2. Therefore to confirm th e validity of scientific knowledge claims, the claim itself must survive rational criticism and fit the empirical evidence. However, most of the time, scientific knowledge claims rely on assumptions and so the validity of Rutherfords claim relies on assumptions that his method and instruments were reliable. So for scientific knowledge claims to be accepted as truth not only must they be open for rational criticism but any evidence or justification should be valid. Rational criticism relies on the way of knowing of reason to produce a point of conflict with a knowledge claim. However if the knowledge claim does not concern reason then rationally criticising it would not be suitable. This is the case in aesthetics where a knowledge claim relies on emotion rather than reason to prove it. For example, the claim that Leonardo Da Vinci is a better artist than Damien Hirst is difficult to prove using rational criticism. Of course if the criteria for being better were the number of pieces of art they produced or the amount of skill required to produce the pieces of art then one may be able to come to a conclusion as to which artist is better using rational criticism. However, if the criteria for being better was which set of art affects the audience greater, often reason is not included in the decision and emotion is used to judge which set of art creates a bigger emotional effect on the audience. To reach a conclusion, evidence can be collected in th e form of a survey but because this is such an unreliable and invalid method, someone can not disprove this knowledge claim at a later date using rational criticism as it is unreasonable for it to be open to rational criticism. Aesthetic knowledge claims therefore rely more on emotion than on reason and so it does not need rational criticism for it to be rationally justified. So, just as the evidence for scientific knowledge claims must be proved valid we must check to see if the emotions used to justify the aesthetic knowledge claim are valid. Moreover, aesthetics and science are different in respect to how they progress. Whereas science uses past data, present theories and reason to prove and improve scientific claims, aesthetics make use of emotions not to improve art but to evoke different emotions in the audience. Therefore, if one assumes that the price of a piece of art is directly proportional, to how good it is (i.e. the amount of satisfaction received from it), this would mean, Leonardo Da Vincis Mona Lisa should evoke more satisfaction than Damien Hirsts For the Love of God. However, in my opinion I find that Damien Hirsts For the Love of God is more aesthetically pleasing than a dull and tacky painting and so I will claim that it is better. However, the lack of justification and reasoning would mean my conclusion is irrational but it can not be proven incorrect. In this way, aesthetic knowledge claims can be irrational but true as it is inappropriate to use rational criticism. Contrastingly, with regard to scientific knowledge claims, the opposite may be true. Knowledge claims in the area of knowledge of science rely almost entirely on reason and rationality. Therefore it is possible for a knowledge claim to be rational yet untrue. For example, J.J. Thomson in 1987 rationally proved at the time that the atom consisted of electrons suspended in a soup of positive charge3. In fact, the idea was so rational that up and until 1910 student studying chemistry would learn the plum pudding model as truth. So even though the claim was rational yet wrong leading to the idea that in order for scientific claims to be accepted as truth rational criticism is required as without it incorrect theories would be accepted as fact. Moreover, Albert Einsteins theory of relativity has yet to be disproved after decades of rational criticism which has concluded his findings as scientific truth. However, the recent anomaly experienced by two German physicists suggest that Einstein and his many followers may not be correct after all in an experiment where a particle exceeded the speed of light4. This experiment was dismissed as its findings were against Einsteins theory of relativity and do not fit the existing data. Of course even if I were to be rational I would say that it is just an error with the empirical data from the German scientists as the paradigm shift that Einstein is may be wrong is unlikely and irrational as he has not ever been proven wrong. This highlights another problem with human reason which tends to look to satisfy preconceived ideas by manipulating evidence and so is not completely objective. Scientific knowledge prides itself for being accurate due to not relying on subjective data but this example shows how humans can be susceptible to subjective ideas and therefore may distort scientific claims of truth. Therefore, for any scientific knowledge claim to be accepted as truth the evidence or justification given must not be erroneous or subjective. In conclusion, science as an area of knowledge is heavily reliant on rational criticism as method of improving the body of knowledge as well as confirming it and so should be open to rational criticism even if the knowledge is considered factual. Moreover, any justification or evidence used to enforce a knowledge claim should be clear of errors and subjective methods The area of aesthetics is slightly different as most knowledge claims within this field are made emotionally in the absence of reason which rules out rational criticism as a method of achieving the advancement of it because in aesthetics, unlike science, the aim is not to improve knowledge but to celebrate and appreciate creativity. However, the use of reason and rational criticism where it can be applied in aesthetics should be encouraged to achieve a well justified conclusion even if the validity of the claim does not depend on reason.

Understanding Early Man : Scientific Discovery vs. Emotionally Driven Hypothesis :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Understanding Early Man : Scientific Discovery vs. Emotionally Driven Hypothesis The ways in which we attempt to determine the history of early man say much more about who we are today, and who we will be tomorrow, and who we want to be today, and who we want to be tomorrow, than they do about who we were in the past. This statement comes from a person who knows little about science, and less about the specific scientific techniques used in archeological excavation and analysis. But it seems to me that much of the observations that are made in the study of early man are predicated as much on new theory as they are on old observation, and much of the old observation seems to be based on how humans act now, rather than in the past. For instance, an entire new field of study known as "Evolutionary Psychology" is based on the premise that we can understand who we are today based on how we have evolved, and what we have evolved from. Evolution, is more or less a proven fact, analogous to gravity, it is a theory that we have used to understand countless other phenomena in the world around us. But there is no theory about how early man behaved, how he evolved, or even, what he looked like, that comes even close to being as widely accepted. In other words, this new field of study is based on science that does not yet exist, and might not ever exist, and the thinking behind it is similar to thinking behind the study of early man. Evolutionary psychologists use things we don't know about who we were then to try and understand who we are now, and anthropologists use things we don't know about who we are now to try and understand who we were then. Our debates about these early human ancestors echo our debates about our present and our modern history to such a degree, that in some ways, this echo seems to cast doubts on the entire process of examination.A great debate in history departments around the world who study the Twentieth Century concerns what is known as the "Great Man Theory." This theory supposes that the major events, and major social changes, of the past century were due more to the actions of a handful of men and women (usually those in positions of great power, or those who made important scientific discoveries) rather than to the actions of the majority.

Improving Leadership Skills Essay -- Organizational Development, Team

Analytical Paper When seeking to improve leadership skills it is important to become immersed in concepts that foster an environment conducive to high performance teams. Two of these concepts have been discussed in length: Conflict Resolution and Team Building. This essay will discuss the importance of these ideas as they relate to leadership and what aspiring leaders can learn. Second, which of the topic readings create the â€Å"best† model for effective leadership within an organization? Lastly, what impact can be expected on the organization if these ideas are not implemented? All of these are relevant questions that those who aspire to be great leaders must answer. There a several areas of concern when discussing the traits of leadership. One of these areas relates directly to conflict. Every organization will experience conflict. It is up to leaders to resolve conflict that may affect organizations negatively. In doing so there are several approaches to consider in order to insure practical resolution; accommodation, avoidance collaboration, competition, and compromise. Of these options collaboration is cited as having the most benefit to the organization. A leader pursuing resolution through collaboration displays traits that can be identified as qualities associated with effective leadership per the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (BarOn EQ~i), confronting problem employees and building and mending relationships (Wilcox & Rush, 2004, p. 8). Obviously problem employees can create conflict as seen in Dealing with Conflict by Masters and Albright. Dealing with this problem in a collaborative manner communicates the importance of the relatio nship between leadership and the individual with whom the conflict arose. In addition... ...ve to good organizational citizenship (Bolino & Turnley, August 2003, p. 4) Teams who fear conflict will waste time posturing for individual self interest and create greater conflict through â€Å"back-channel† attacks and politics (Lencioni, p. 615). In conclusion, aspiring leaders will find that conflict resolution and effective team building are important factors in building a successful organization. There are important lessons to be learned in the readings Dealing with Conflict and The Five Dysfunctions of a Team. The best model for organizational leadership would have to go to the later by default for lack of a clear outline in the former, but that does not take away from its importance. If any lesson is to be learned it is that very relevant questions can be answered from these examples and to ignore them would be detrimental to an organization and its leader.

Toys R Us :: essays research papers

These past few years haven't quite been all fun and games for John Eyler, chairman and CEO of Toys "R" Us. Shortly after joining the company in January 2000, Eyler set about revamping Toys "R" Us to better compete in the marketplace while brushing up the company's image. But a downturn in the economy together with the effects of 9/11, not to mention the West Coast port lockout, wasn't part of the plan. Although he still has considerable work ahead of him, Eyler's efforts appear to be paying off. Total sales were up two percent for both the second quarter and the first six months of 2002, compared to the previous year, and results for the entire year should likewise prove relatively strong. The company credits "careful attention to inventory management combined with very strong expense controls" for the positive numbers. Customers, however, are impressed with the improved service, remodeled stores, and price cuts on hundreds of toys. Part of the company's successful turnaround lays in the partnership its Toysrus.com unit formed with Amazon.com just over two years ago to sell toys online. Under the agreement, Amazon.com is responsible for handling all orders, including shipping and customer service, for Toysrus.com. The primary responsibility of Toysrus.com is to choose the toys to offer online and make sure there's plenty of available stock. Both companies will face challenges, however. For Amazon.com, the test will be to make sure its complex fulfillment systems integrate seamlessly with Toysrus.com's. The eTailer must also coordinate the tricky placement of products in distribution centers to avoid cost overruns. Toysrus.com is faced with finding the right balance between supplying Toys "R" Us stores and the web site with "hot" toys, so as not to disappoint customers. Furthermore, to make orders profitable, it must get people to buy multiple products. The venture has also helped build both companies' brand names and extend their reach into the marketplace. According to John Barbour, president of Toys "R" Us International, and one of the executives who played a pivotal role in creating the partnership, about 1.

Unit 1, the Business Environment, P1

FedEx FedEx Corporation is an American global courier delivery service. It operates under a public limited ownership as a tertiary business. A public limited company (PLC) means it is able to offer shares to the public. The owners of these PLC’s are the main shareholders. A tertiary business is one that provides a service to other business or individuals. Federal Express (later known as FedEx) was established in 1973. Ten years later, the company reaches $1bn in revenue – the first US business to achieve this status without merger or acquisition. Services extend to Europe and the Middle East by the end of 1989.Between 1991 and 1999 FedEx launches: Express Freighter ® to provide overnight delivery to Europe and Asia, FedEx Ship Manager ® – first company to allow customers to process shipments online and FedEx EuroOne ®, opening a new hub in Paris. In 2000, FedEx became known as â€Å"FedEx Corporation†. Services are divided into different companies th at operate independently yet compete collectively. During 2008, FedEx Corp ranks ninth in the business superbrands list. In 2010, the company opened a brand new hub in Cologne airport, the largest solar powered hub worldwide. FedEx Corporation’s revenue during 2011 was in excess of $39. 3bn.FedEx has one main key activity and that is to deliver goods around the world. FedEx express is an overnight courier, providing next day air service. FedEx Ground provides a door-to-door delivery service. FedEx Freight provides a service which carries large amounts of freight to destinations where it is then transported by FedEx Ground. FedEx Office provides a retail outlet for shipping, printing, copying and binding services. During an average day various departments within FedEx Corp work together to ensure a excellent service is delivered to customers. The marketing department works very hard to ensure people know about them.They especially target small businesses that are in need of pr ofessional connections at far off places. They also target embassies and governmental institutions – although their main customers are businesses/governments they welcome anyone who is in need of a shipping service. Marketing wants FedEx to be the fastest of courier delivery companies, and so advertises this to entice customers – but it has to make sure that this is being met by the various departments within the company. The many distribution centres around the world deal with goods the customers want.Here they are delivered from the manufacturers, processed, packaged and then sent on the correct freight vehicle or freight plane. Once this first journey has been completed, the goods will reach a hub, where it is then sorted and moved onto smaller delivery vehicles that deliver to a specific area. Once the package is received, the customer signs and it is stored electronically so FedEx knows they have delivered the package. The company’s website hosts an electro nic tracking system where customers can enter a code and track the exact location of their goods and the contents of their goods.Also on their website they promote themselves through marketing. FedEx Corp is a growing company and regularly recruits new employees – this is met by the human resources department at various centres around the world – they recruit a whole range of staff from pilots to delivery vehicle drivers. Along with this their equipment whether it be plane of van/lorry needs maintaining and repairing, so FedEx have their own maintenance department. The whole purpose of this is to make a profit so FedEx Corp can expand and continue to deliver an excellent, on-time service. Aldi Aldi Ltd is a global discount supermarket chain.It operates under a private limited ownership as a secondary and tertiary business. A private limited company means it is owned by individuals or shareholders with profit as the major driving force. A secondary business produces goo ds, for example Aldi own-brand orange juice is produced by a subsidiary company for Aldi. This is then delivered to Aldi and sold to customers. This is a tertiary business – a business which sells the finished product. Aldi first store was opened in 1913, and was a quite popular p[lace to shop in the German town of Essen. During the 40s an expansion program was created and more stores were opened.A celebration was held in 1954 for the opening of the 50th store. By 1960 Aldi had grown to a network of over 300 stores; Aldi was then divided into Aldi Nord and Aldi Sud. In the 1960s, Aldi became the first company in Germany to adopt the self-service concept. During 1983, Aldi started chilled distribution depots and sol fresh products such as cheese, yoghurt and sausages. Frozen products came in 1998 and were closely followed by fresh meat. Today, Aldi is a rapidly growing company with more than 9,000 stores across 3 continents, serving millions of people. Aldi has many day-to-day activities.Aldi spend a lot of money on marketing to let customers know of the quality products for low prices. During 2011 more than 1 million customers switched from their usual British supermarket to their German rival due to the low-cost products – this was mainly achieved by marketing. In the UK, TV adverts were introduced to inform customers of their products. Each week a brochure is produced informing of the deals to come the following week. There are various distribution centres around countries which Aldi operate in. Aldi has a â€Å"delivered fresh everyday policy†, and each day lorry loads of new goods are delivered to each store around the globe.Aldi have a small website which gives customers information of latest product deals and upcoming â€Å"special buys†. Aldi have their own mobile app giving similar information as their website. Aldi do not regularly recruit main workers – it is their norm to have least workers. When workers are recrui ted the HR department would take care of this. Cleaners are employed by Aldi to take care of their stores after closing time. Aldi’s purpose is to provide a low-cost quality product service in the form of a supermarket. The main aim is to make profit.